In which scenarios can social workers disclose confidential information?

The correct choice emphasizes the balance that social workers must maintain between their ethical obligations to protect client confidentiality and the legal requirements that may arise. Social workers are bound by the principles outlined in the NASW Code of Ethics, which clearly states that client confidentiality is paramount. However, there are specific contexts in which this confidentiality can be breached.

When legal obligations arise, such as when mandated by law to report child abuse or when there is a clear and imminent risk to the client or others, social workers are permitted, and sometimes required, to disclose confidential information. Additionally, if a client provides their informed consent, a social worker can also disclose information as authorized by the client. This reflects the ethical responsibility of social workers to ensure client autonomy and protect their welfare while also abiding by legal standards.

In contrast, the other choices do not align with professional guidelines. The idea that social workers can disclose information whenever they believe it is necessary undermines the foundational principle of confidentiality. Disclosing information based solely on a client's expression of concerns does not provide a sufficient legal basis for breaching confidentiality. Lastly, disclosing information because of a breach of contract does not hold weight in the context of client confidentiality and ethics, as breaches must be clearly defined and warranted by specific circumstances.